数据透视表II―轻松创建综合报告

数据透视表II―轻松创建综合报告

译者：rongjun  来源：http://blogs.msdn.com/excel 发表于：2006年7月7日

PivotTables part 2: Creating summary reports made easy 数据透视表2：轻松创建综合报告

One of the goals we had for our PivotTable work in Excel 12 was to make creating PivotTables a much more approachable task. In this post, I would like to walk through an example of creating a PivotTable in order to highlight the changes we have made in Excel 12. In general, we tried to make the process simpler and more intuitive. 让用户很方便、很直观的创建数据透视表是我们的一个目标，我们已经在Excel 12 中实现了这个目标。在这篇文章，为了重点说明我们在Excel 12 中对数据透视表作出的改变，我创建一个数据透视表作为例子。通常，我们试图使得操作过程简单而且直观。

As I said in the previous post, PivotTables are great for summarizing large amounts of data. For example, a user might have a table full of sales data (contained in a query table, that they copied from elsewhere, that they have been typing into the grid over time, etc.) that contains products, sales figures, product categories, etc., and might want to see a summary of sales grouped by product and product category. This is exactly the sort of thing that is easy to create with a PivotTable. To start, the user needs to tell Excel they want to create a PivotTable. There are two places they can do this. First, on the Insert tab, where the first button in the ribbon is an inset PivotTable button. 正如我在以前的文章中所说，数据透视表主要用于处理大量的数据。例如，某个用户可能有一个填满销售数据的列表，包含产品、销售指数、产品种类等等，并且该用户想通过产品及产品种类看到各个销售组的销售概要。通过创建数据透视表这是件很容易实现的事情。回到出发点，用户需要告诉Excel，他们想要创建数据透视表。创建数据透视表有两种方式：第一、在“插入”标签上，在 ribbon 里的第一个按钮就是“插入数据透视表”按钮。

Second, on the Table tab (the tab that shows up when I am working with a table of data), we have added a command to “Summarize With Pivot”. This is essentially the same command, except when you use this command, we know that you want the table you are working with to be the data source for the PivotTable. 第二、在“列表”标签上（当我激活数据表时这个标签才会显示出来），我们已经附加一个命令到“Summarize With Pivot”。从本质上讲，这是相同的命令，除非当你使用这个命令时，我们知道你想把你正在操作的列表作为数据透视表的源数据。

Once the user selects one of these commands, they are presented with a new dialog for creating PivotTables. This dialog replaces the existing multistep wizard with a simple dialog that only presents the user with the most necessary choices … our usability research showed that a lot of users never made it past the wizard due to the complexity of choices required. (Note, there are probably some out there wondering about whether they can still pivot against multiple consolidation ranges, etc. … the answer is yes. The existing wizard is still available for advanced users that want to take advantage of its functionality; it just isn’t the mainline UI): 一旦用户选择这两个命令的其中之一时，会出现一个创建数据透视表的新对话框。这个简单的对话框取代了现有的多级向导，只显示用户必需的选项……我们的可用性调查报告表明：由于繁琐的选择条件，许多用户从来不按照向导的步骤创建数据透视表。（注：可能会有人怀疑这样的数据透视表是否仍然可以随着多重合并区域的变动而变。回答是肯定的。现有的向导仍然适用于想利用这个功能的高级用户，但它已经不处在主界面上了。）

Now that the PivotTable has been created, the next step is to add the data the user wants summarized. This is another area where our customer research and usability studies demonstrated that many users had trouble, specifically in three areas. 现在，数据透视表已经建立了，下一步是添加用户想要汇总的数据。另一方面，我们所做的消费者调查和可用性研究表明许多用户还有三个方面的烦恼：

• Figuring out that they needed to get their “fields” onto the various areas of the PivotTable • Deciding which area, or “drop zone” of the PivotTable they needed to add their data to build their report. • Figuring out how to get the field to the drop zone (drag-drop not being an action that is all that common in Office applications) • 确定他们需要的字段该放到数据透视表的哪些区域。 • 判断数据透视表的哪个区域或“拖放区域”需要增加他们的数据才能建立他们的报表。 • 学会将字段添加到拖放区域中（拖拽并不是所有的Office应用软件共有的操作方式）。

So with the new field list, a user can get a quick summary by simply checking a couple of checkboxes, and that’s it. Let’s walk through what this looks like. As I said, our user wants to build a sales summary for products by their product category. The first field for the user to add is Product Category, so they click in the checkbox for that field … 由于有了新的字段列表，用户只需要简单的勾选几个复选框就可以很快地得到他们想要的汇总报告。让我们来看看这个字段列表到底是个什么样子。正如我所举的例子，我们的用户想要通过他们的产品种类建立一个产品销售报告。用户第一个要增加字段的就是产品种类，所以他们勾选该字段的复选框就可以了……

… and the items of the Product Category field are immediately added to the PivotTable. 产品种类字段的项目就会立即添加到数据透视表中。

Next, to show the individual products of each product category, the user adds the Product Name field: 下一步，为了显示每一个产品种类的单个产品，用户就要添加产品名称字段：

Now we have the products nicely listed under their product category in the PivotTable, complete with some UI that hints that you can expand and collapse levels … more on that in a later post. 现在，在数据透视表中，各个产品都罗列在他们各自的产品种类之下，包括一些提示你进行展开和折叠操作的用户界面……在后面的文章中你会看到更多的介绍。

And finally, our user adds the Sales Amount field to finish their summary report. 最后，我们的用户添加销售额字段就可以完成他们的综合报告了。

I can hear some of your saying “but I liked dragging things around”. I can also hear some other folks asking “how do I get things to the Filter area or the Column area to build a crosstab?” (And probably a lot of other things, but I will stop guessing, address those two, and hear the rest in your comments.) Well, you probably noticed in the screenshots above that as I added fields to the PivotTable, they appeared in the lower section of the field list. This section holds the drop zones, which were designed around two key points – making it easy to determine the current placement of fields in the PivotTable, as well as making it easy to rearrange the fields in a PivotTable. There are four areas in a PivotTable, each of which is represented by a drop zone in the field list. 有些人会这样说“我喜欢从周围拖拽东西”。也有些人会这样问“我怎么把东西放到筛选区域或列区域上建立交叉表？”（可能还有许多其他的问题，但是我会阻止这些猜测，对刚才两个问题进行解答，并听取其他的留言。）你可能也注意到在上面的截图里，当我添加字段到数据透视表时，它们会出现在字段列表的下面。这部分保留了托拽区域，这围绕两个关键点进行设计——使得用户很容易确定数据透视表字段的当前位置，也可以很容易的重新排列数据透视表的字段。在数据透视表中有四个区域，在字段列表中每一个区域代表一个拖拽区域。

1. Report Filter. This area holds the fields that the whole PivotTable is filtered by. 2. Row Labels. This area holds fields that act as labels for the values, and the labels appear to the left of the values. 3. Column Labels. This area is just like row area, but the labels appear above the values, breaking them out by column instead of row. 4. Values. This area holds the fields that are summarized (for example sales amount). Fields in this area are typically numeric, but can also be non-numeric (in which case they are counted). 1、 报告筛选。这个区域保留整个数据透视表未被使用的字段。 2、 行标签。这个区域保留担当值标签的字段，并且这个标签出现在值的左侧。 3、 列标签。这个区域跟行区域相像，但是这个标签出现在值的上方，用“列”把它们隔开而不是“行”。 4、 值。这个区域保留被汇总的字段（比如销售额）。在这个区域的字段通常代表数值，但是也可以是非数值的（在这种情况下只能进行计数）。

And finally, for those of you that really want the drop zones in the grid, we have put in a toggle to bring them back, but there are some additional considerations to that one, so I will cover it further in a later post. 最后，为了满足那些确实想要在格子里拖拽区域的用户，我们已经引进了开关来允许旧式的操作，因是为这其中有一些其它的考虑，所以我会在以后的文章中做出更深层次的介绍。

So, to sum up, we have worked to make PivotTables easier and faster to create, and our usability testing with both beginning users as well as PivotTable experts (see post on usability studies for more on that subject) show that both user groups benefit from the new design. 总而言之，我们所做的工作就是使得创建数据透视表更容易更迅速，并且我们在初级用户和数据透视表专家两者所做的可用性测试表明这两个用户群都能受益于新的设计。

Next week, much more on PivotTables. 下周，更多的有关数据透视表的介绍。

Published Friday, December 09, 2005 12:25 PM by David Gainer

非常感谢Kevin的帮助和指导!

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