oracle常用命令1

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oracle常用命令1

#给oracle创建监控用户 CREATE USER C##QGS123 IDENTIFIED BY QGS123 DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSTEM TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP PROFILE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK; #注释 创建用户C##QGS,密码QGS123 默认表空间系统 临表空间温度 配置文件默认值 账户解锁; 允许连接到C##QGS; 向C##QGS授予资源; 允许选择任意表给C##QGS; 允许选择任意字典到C##QGS; 向C##QGS授予无限表空间; 允许选择任意字典到C##QGS; 将创建会话权限授予C##QGS; GRANT CONNECT TO C##QGS123; GRANT RESOURCE TO C##QGS123; GRANT SELECT ANY TABLE TO C##QGS123; GRANT SELECT ANY DICTIONARY TO C##QGS123; GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO C##QGS123; GRANT SELECT ANY DICTIONARY TO C##QGS123; GRANT CREATE SESSION TO C##QGS123;

#常见监控Oracle数据库,创建监控用户只监控数据库活性,授予用户连接权限 CREATE USER QGS2 IDENTIFIED BY QGS1234; GRANT CONNECT TO QGS2;

#创建用户,指定表空间(一个表空间可以建立多个用户) create user wateruser identified by itcast default tablespace boos;

#创建表空间,表空间名test,设定文件大小为1024m,当满了之后自动扩展100m create tablespace test logging datafile'/opt/oracle/oradata/test.dbf' size 1024m autoextend on next 100m ; # create table 表名称 ( 字段名 类型(长度) primary key, 字段名 类型(长度) ............... ) key 主键 数字类型 1.字符型 char;固定长度的字符类型,最多存储2000个字节 varchar2;可变长度的字符类型,最多存储4000个字符 long;大文本类型。最大可以存储2G 2.数值型 number: number(5) 最大可以存数为99999 , #(5)表示总共5位 number(5,2)最大可以存的数为999.99 #(5)表示总共5位 (,2)表示小数点后的位数 3.日期型 date:日期时间型,精确到秒 timestamp:精确到秒的小数点后9位 4.二进制型(大数据类型) clob;存储字符,最大可存4G blob;存储图像,声音,视频等二进制数据,最多可存4G

#检查Oracle在线日志状态 select group#,status,type,member from v$logfile;

#检查Oracle表空间的状态 select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;

#检查Oracle所有数据文件状态 select name,status from v$datafile; select file_name,status from dba_data_files;

#检查无效对象(有记录返回,说明存在无效对象) select owner, object_name, object_type from dba_objects where status != 'VALID' and owner != 'SYS' and owner != 'SYSTEM'; SELECT owner, object_name, object_type FROM dba_objects WHERE status = 'INVALID';

#检查所有回滚段状态 select segment_name,status from dba_rollback_segs;

#,检查数据库连接情况(查看当前会话连接数,是否属于正常范围) select count(*) from v$session; select sid,serial#,username,program,machine,status from v$session;

#检查表空间使用情况 select f.tablespace_name, a.total, f.free, round((f.free / a.total) * 100) "% Free" from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes / (1024 * 1024)) total from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) a, (select tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes / (1024 * 1024))) free from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) f WHERE a.tablespace_name = f.tablespace_name(+) order by "% Free";

#检查一些扩展异常的对象 select Segment_Name, Segment_Type, TableSpace_Name, (Extents / Max_extents) * 100 Percent From sys.DBA_Segments Where Max_Extents != 0 and (Extents / Max_extents) * 100 >= 95 order By Percent;

#检查system表空间内的内容 select distinct (owner) from dba_tables where tablespace_name = 'SYSTEM' and owner != 'SYS' and owner != 'SYSTEM' union select distinct (owner) from dba_indexes where tablespace_name = 'SYSTEM' and owner != 'SYS' and owner != 'SYSTEM';

#检查对象的下一扩展与表空间的最大扩展值 select a.table_name, a.next_extent, a.tablespace_name from all_tables a, (select tablespace_name, max(bytes) as big_chunk from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) f where f.tablespace_name = a.tablespace_name and a.next_extent > f.big_chunk union select a.index_name, a.next_extent, a.tablespace_name from all_indexes a, (select tablespace_name, max(bytes) as big_chunk from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) f where f.tablespace_name = a.tablespace_name and a.next_extent > f.big_chunk;

#检查运行很久的SQL SELECT USERNAME, SID, OPNAME, ROUND(SOFAR * 100 / TOTALWORK, 0) || '%' AS PROGRESS, TIME_REMAINING, SQL_TEXT FROM V$SESSION_LONGOPS, V$SQL WHERE TIME_REMAINING <> 0 AND SQL_ADDRESS = ADDRESS AND SQL_HASH_VALUE = HASH_VALUE;

#等待时间最多的5个系统等待事件的获取 SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM V$SYSTEM_EVENT WHERE EVENT NOT LIKE 'SQL%' ORDER BY TOTAL_WAITS DESC) WHERE ROWNUM <= 5;

#检查表空间的I/O比例 SELECT DF.TABLESPACE_NAME NAME, DF.FILE_NAME "FILE", F.PHYRDS PYR, F.PHYBLKRD PBR, F.PHYWRTS PYW, F.PHYBLKWRT PBW FROM V$FILESTAT F, DBA_DATA_FILES DF WHERE F.FILE# = DF.FILE_ID ORDER BY DF.TABLESPACE_NAME;

#检查文件系统的I/O比例 SELECT SUBSTR(A.FILE#, 1, 2) "#", SUBSTR(A.NAME, 1, 30) "NAME", A.STATUS, A.BYTES, B.PHYRDS, B.PHYWRTS FROM V$DATAFILE A, V$FILESTAT B WHERE A.FILE# = B.FILE#;

#检查缓冲区命中率 SELECT a.VALUE + b.VALUE logical_reads, c.VALUE phys_reads, round(100 * (1 - c.value / (a.value + b.value)), 4) hit_ratio FROM v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c WHERE a.NAME = 'db block gets' AND b.NAME = 'consistent gets' AND c.NAME = 'physical reads';

#检查共享池命中率 select sum(pinhits) / sum(pins) * 100 from v$librarycache;

#检查排序区 select name,value from v$sysstat where name like '%sort%';

#检查日志缓冲区 select name, value from v$sysstat where name in ('redo entries', 'redo buffer allocation retries');

#Oracle Job是否有失败 select job, what, last_date, next_date, failures, broken from dba_jobs Where schema_user = 'CAIKE';

#监控数据量的增长情况 select A.tablespace_name, (1 - (A.total) / B.total) * 100 used_percent from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) total from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) A, (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) total from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) B where A.tablespace_name = B.tablespace_name;

#检查失效的索引 select index_name, table_name, tablespace_name, status From dba_indexes Where owner = 'CTAIS2' And status <> 'VALID';

#检查不起作用的约束 SELECT owner, constraint_name, table_name, constraint_type, status FROM dba_constraints WHERE status = 'DISABLE' and constraint_type = 'P';

#检查无效的trigger SELECT owner, trigger_name, table_name, status FROM dba_triggers WHERE status = 'DISABLED';

#查看所有用户 select * from all_users; #删除普通用户 drop user QGS3112 cascade; #当前用户被激活的全部角色 select * from session_roles; #全部用户被授予的角色 select * from dba_role_privs; #查看某个用户所拥有的角色 select * from dba_role_privs where grantee='用户名'; #查看某个角色所拥有的权限 select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='用户名';

#查询Oracle中有哪些可用存储空间 select * from v$tablespace;

#检查登录成功的日志 grep -i accepted /var/log/secure #检查登录失败的日志 grep -i inval /var/log/secure &&grep -i failed /var/log/secure #系统负载情况 uptime #系统I/O情况 iostat -k 1 3 #内存使用情况 free -m #CPU使用情况 top #检查系统磁盘空间 df -h

#查看当前数据库所有的表 select * from tabs;

#将dba权限赋予给AA用户,DBA的权限主要是对数据库对象而言具有可完全操作的权限 grant dba to AA;

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Oracle 数据库

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