Python Module_openpyxl_处理Excel表格

目录

目录

前言

软件系统

Install openpyxl module

Sample code

load_workbook加载Excel文件

wbObjectget_sheet_names 获取Excel表格名

WorkbooktableName 定位Excel表

WbObjectget_sheet_by_namesheetName 定位Excel表

Worksheetrows和Worksheetcolumns获取表格的行列值

获取Worksheet的行列数目

通过切片运算符划分表格区域

get_column_letter将一个列的索引转化为列的字母

Worksheetcellvalue 定位单元格的数据值

直接给单元格赋值

Woeksheetget_cell_collection 获取全部的单元格数据值

enumerateiterators获取迭代器的索引和元素

Workbooksave保存所有操作并生成新的Excel文件

Workbook创建一个新的Excel文件

wbObjectcreate_sheet 创建一个Excel表格

Worksheetappend 逐行追加数值到单元格

ExcelWriter 将Workbook对象写入Excel文件

最后

前言

Python处理Excel表格有多种方法，其中对于.xlsx后缀的Excel版本而言openpyxl绝对是一个非常棒的选择。在openpyxl中，一个Excel文件就是一个Workbook，一张Excel文件中的表就是一个Worksheet。当我们需要对一个Excel文件进行处理的时候，需要先获取到一个Workbook对象，再获取到一个Worksheet对象，对Worksheet对象中rows、columns进行数据处理，最后通过Workbook.save()方法将Workbook对象的内容写入到磁盘中。或者可以使用Openpyxl内置的ExcelWriter()方法来关联Workbook对象，最终实现写入。

软件系统

系统

Windows 8.1

软件

Python 3.4.3

Install openpyxl module

使用Python3.4.3自带的软件包管理工具easy_install.exe来安装openpyxl模块

Run(Ctrl+r) cmd

cd %pythonRoot%\Scripts easy_install.exe openpyxl

1

2

Check:安装后导入openpyxl模块不会触发ImportError

import openpyxl

1

Sample code

from openpyxl import Workbook wb = Workbook() # grab the active worksheet ws = wb.active # Data can be assigned directly to cells ws['A1'] = 42 # Rows can also be appended ws.append([1, 2, 3]) # Python types will automatically be converted import datetime ws['A2'] = datetime.datetime.now() # Save the file wb.save("sample.xlsx")

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Documentation：http://openpyxl.readthedocs.org

load_workbook()加载Excel文件

我们将一个Excel文件称之为一个workbook，workbook中又包含了许多的worksheet(工作表)。我们可以通过workbook[‘sheetName’]来定位一个worksheet。

将文件导入到内存

load_workbook(filename, read_only=False, use_iterators=False, keep_vba=False, guess_types=False, data_only=False)

1

In [7]: help(load_workbook) Help on function load_workbook in module openpyxl.reader.excel: load_workbook(filename, read_only=False, use_iterators=False, keep_vba=False, guess_types=False, data_only=False) Open the given filename and return the workbook :param filename: the path to open or a file-like object :type filename: string or a file-like object open in binary mode c.f., :class:`zipfile.ZipFile` :param read_only: optimised for reading, content cannot be edited :type read_only: bool :param use_iterators: use lazy load for cells :type use_iterators: bool :param keep_vba: preseve vba content (this does NOT mean you can use it) :type keep_vba: bool :param guess_types: guess cell content type and do not read it from the file :type guess_types: bool :param data_only: controls whether cells with formulae have either the formula (default) or the value stored the last time Excel read the sheet :type data_only: bool :rtype: :class:`openpyxl.workbook.Workbook`

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

filename(str or file-like object)：是一个Excel文件的路径或者是一个类文件对象。

read_only(bool)：只读模式，不可编辑文件。缺省为False

use_iterators(bool)：是否调用延迟加载。缺省为False

keep_vba(bool)：是否保持VBA的内容。缺省为False

guess_type(bool)：获取单元格内容的类型而且不能从文件中读取他。缺省为False

date_only(bool)：控制包含有公式的单元格是否有任何公式，或者存储着最后读取Excel表的读取时间

Note：

When using lazy load, all worksheets will be class: {openpyxl.worksheet.iter_worksheet.IterableWorksheet} and the returned workbook will be read-only.

In [29]: from openpyxl import load_workbook In [5]: getwb = load_workbook(filename=r"Handoff.xlsx") #返回一个Workbook对象 In [6]: getwb Out[6]:

1

2

3

4

5

6

getwb是一个Workbook对象，Workbook()是最基本的一个类，能够在内存中创建文件最后将文件内容写进磁盘。

wbObject.get_sheet_names() 获取Excel表格名

In [70]: getwb.get_sheet_names() #返回一个Excel表名组成的列表 Out[70]: ['NodeCount'] In [75]: getwb.get_sheet_names()[0] Out[75]: 'NodeCount'

1

2

3

4

5

Workbook[tableName] 定位Excel表

Openpyxl模块支持类似字典键值对映射的方式，来获取表格的内容

In [80]: sheetContent = getwb[getwb.get_sheet_names()[0]] In [84]: type(sheetContent) Out[84]: openpyxl.worksheet.worksheet.Worksheet #返回一个Worksheet对象，用于存储表格内容

1

2

3

4

WbObject.get_sheet_by_name(sheetName) 定位Excel表

In [57]: sheet1 = getwb.get_sheet_by_name('NodeCount')

1

Worksheet.rows和Worksheet.columns获取表格的行列值

In [89]: sheetContent.rows Out[89]: ((, , , ), (, , . . . In [90]: len(sheetContent.rows) Out[90]: 25 In [93]: len(sheetContent.columns) Out[93]: 4

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

获取Worksheet的行列数目

In [115]: sheetContent.get_highest_row() In [117]: sheetContent.get_highest_column()

1

2

3

通过切片运算符划分表格区域

因为Worksheet.rows和Worksheet.columns都是Tuple数据类型，支持使用切片运算符。

In [100]: type(sheetContent.rows),type(sheetContent.columns) Out[100]: (tuple, tuple)

1

2

1.获取sheetContent的前两列内容

In [103]: colA,colB = sheetContent.columns[:2]

1

2.划分出一个二维区域

In [112]: cells = sheetContent['A1':'C3'] #返回一个生成器对象 In [113]: type(cells) Out[113]: generator

1

2

3

4

get_column_letter将一个列的索引转化为列的字母

get_column_letter(idx)

Convert a column index into a column letter

(3 -> ‘C’)

In [122]: from openpyxl.cell import get_column_letter In [124]: for x in list(range(1,11)): .....: ch = get_column_letter(x) .....: print(ch) .....: A B C D E F G H I J

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Worksheet.cell().value 定位单元格的数据值

基于给定的坐标(A1)返回一个单元格对象。

cell(coordinate=None, row=None, column=None, value=None) method of openpyxl.worksheet.worksheet.Worksh

Returns a cell object based on the given coordinates.

Usage: cell(coodinate='A15') **or** cell(row=15, column=1) If `coordinates` are not given, then row *and* column must be given. Cells are kept in a dictionary which is empty at the worksheet creation. Calling `cell` creates the cell in memory when they are first accessed, to reduce memory usage. :param coordinate: coordinates of the cell (e.g. 'B12') :type coordinate: string :param row: row index of the cell (e.g. 4) :type row: int :param column: column index of the cell (e.g. 3) :type column: int :raise: InsufficientCoordinatesException when coordinate or (row and column) are not given :rtype: :class:openpyxl.cell.Cell

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

In [117]: sheetContent.cell("A1") Out[117]: In [118]: sheetContent.cell("A1").value Out[118]: 'Cluster' In [120]: sheetContent.cell(row=1,column=2).value Out[120]: 'HI'

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

注意：Excel表格的数据常常在其两边都伴有空格符，需要使用Str.strip()来去除多余的空格符。

直接给单元格赋值

将A列全部置为None

In [127]: colALen = len(sheetContent.columns[0]) In [128]: for i in list(range(1,colALen+1)): .....: sheetContent.cell('A%s' % i).value = None .....:

1

2

3

4

5

注意：当你为单元格赋值时，Excel的数据类型由赋值的数据类型决定

Woeksheet.get_cell_collection() 获取全部的单元格数据值

获取全部的cell的数值，但是没有顺序。

get_cell_collection() method of openpyxl.worksheet.worksheet.Worksheet instance

Return an unordered list of the cells in this worksheet.

返回一个无序的包含了所有单元格的列表

In [59]: sheetContent.get_cell_collection()

1

enumerate(iterators)获取迭代器的索引和元素

enumerate(iterable[, start]) -> iterator for index, value of iterable

Return an enumerate object. iterable must be another object that supports

iteration. The enumerate object yields pairs containing a count (from

start, which defaults to zero) and a value yielded by the iterable argument.

enumerate is useful for obtaining an indexed list:

(0, seq[0]), (1, seq[1]), (2, seq[2]), …

接收迭代器类型的实参，返回一个可以遍历的迭代器，包含了(索引，元素)的元组。

In [46]: row1,row2 = sheetContent.rows[:2] In [49]: for index,cell in enumerate(row1): ....: print(index,cell) ....: 0 1 2 3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Workbook.save()保存所有操作，并生成新的Excel文件

已指定的文件名保存这个Excel文件。

save(filename) method of openpyxl.workbook.workbook.Workbook instance

Save the current workbook under the given filename.

Use this function instead of using an ExcelWriter.

.. warning:: When creating your workbook using `write_only` set to True, you will only be able to call this function once. Subsequents attempts to modify or save the file will raise an :class:`openpyxl.shared.exc.WorkbookAlreadySaved` exception.

1

2

3

4

In [134]: getwb.save('test.xlsx')

1

Workbook()创建一个新的Excel文件

创建一个新的Workbook对象

class Workbook(builtins.object)

Workbook is the container for all other parts of the document.

In [40]: from openpyxl import Workbook In [48]: outwb = Workbook() #返回一个openpyxl.workbook.workbook.Workbook的对象 In [49]: outwb Out[49]:

1

2

3

4

5

6

wbObject.create_sheet() 创建一个Excel表格

create_sheet(title=None, index=None) method of openpyxl.workbook.workbook.Workbook instance

Create a worksheet (at an optional index).

:param title: optional title of the sheet

:type tile: unicode

:param index: optional position at which the sheet will be inserted

:type index: int

title(unicode)：创建新Excel表的标题

index(int)：新Excel表在Excel文件中插入的位置

In [62]: newSheet = outwb.create_sheet('NewSheet',0) #返回一个openpyxl.worksheet.worksheet.Worksheet对象 In [63]: type(newSheet) Out[63]: openpyxl.worksheet.worksheet.Worksheet

1

2

3

4

Worksheet.append() 逐行追加数值到单元格

当前表格的最后一行追加一行数据。必须传递迭代器实参。

append(iterable) method of openpyxl.worksheet.worksheet.Worksheet instance

Appends a group of values at the bottom of the current sheet.

* If it's a list: all values are added in order, starting from the first column * If it's a dict: values are assigned to the columns indicated by the keys (numbers or letters) :param iterable: list, range or generator, or dict containing values to append :type iterable: list/tuple/range/generator or dict Usage: * append(['This is A1', 'This is B1', 'This is C1']) #添加一行三列 *#or append({'A' : 'This is A1', 'C' : 'This is C1'}) #在指定的'A'和'C'列中添加一行 *#or append({1 : 'This is A1', 3 : 'This is C1'}) #在指定的1、3行中添加一列 :raise: TypeError when iterable is neither a list/tuple nor a dict

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

In [131]: newSheet.append(['Test',1,2,3])

1

在指定的列内添加一行添加行

In [80]: newSheet.append({'A':'Add one row'})

1

在指定的行中添加一列

In [84]: newSheet.append({1:'Is A1',3:'Is C1'})

1

ExcelWriter() 将Workbook对象写入Excel文件

一般而言，通过Workbok.save()方法就可以将Workbook对象的内容写入到Excel中，openpyxl提供了ExcelWriter这一个更加强大的Excel写实现。

In [88]: from openpyxl.writer.excel import ExcelWriter

1

class ExcelWriter(builtins.object)

Write a workbook object to an Excel file.返回一个ExcelWriter对象。

In [92]: ewb = ExcelWriter(workbook=outwb) #将Workbook关联到一个ExcelWriter，最后将Workbook的内容写入到磁盘中 In [95]: newSheet.title='testSheet' In [96]: outwb.get_sheet_names() Out[96]: ['testSheet', 'Sheet'] In [97]: for i in list(range(1,11)): ....: newSheet.cell('A%s' % (i)).value = i ....: newSheet.append({'B':i}) ....: In [98]: ewb.save(filename='test.xlsx') #一定要Call ExcelWriterObject.save()方法将Workbook写入到磁盘中。

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

最后

除了使用上述的方法来处理Excel文件的数据之外，openpyxl还提供了能修改Excel表格的样式的实现openpyxl.styles，这个我们下一篇再继续搞起。 :-)

Python 面向对象编程

版权声明：本文内容由网络用户投稿，版权归原作者所有，本站不拥有其著作权，亦不承担相应法律责任。如果您发现本站中有涉嫌抄袭或描述失实的内容，请联系我们jiasou666@gmail.com 处理，核实后本网站将在24小时内删除侵权内容。