工资群发助手在哪里(工资群发助手收费的吗)
852
2022-05-27
写在前面
学习K8s,刚把这一块学完,整理笔记,理论很少,偏实战,适合温习
博文内容涉及:
常见nfs,hostPath,emptyDir数据卷类型
PV+PVC的创建
持久性存储及动态卷供应
男女情事,谁先动心谁吃亏,越吃亏越难忘,到最后,到底是喜欢对方呢,还是喜欢自己,都搞不清楚了,答案偏偏在对方身上,所以才说,由爱故生忧。--------《剑来》
持久性存储(Persistent Volume)
Volume是定义在Pod上的,属于“计算资源”的一部分,而实际上, “网络存储”是相对独立于“计算资源”而存在的一种实体资源。比如在使用虚拟机的情况下,我们通常会先定义一个网络存储,然后从中划出一个“网盘”并挂接到虚拟机上
Persistent Volume(简称PV)和与之相关联的Persistent Volume Claim (简称PVC)也起到了类似的作用。PV可以理解成
Kubernetes集群中的某个网络存储中对应的一块存储
,它与Volume很类似,但有以下区别。
这里也可以结合物理盘区和逻辑卷来理解,PV可以理解为物理卷,PVC可以理解为划分的逻辑卷。
pv的创建
PV的accessModes属性
, 目前有以下类型:
ReadWriteOnce:读写权限、并且只能被单个Node挂载。
ReadOnlyMany:只读权限、允许被多个Node挂载。
ReadWriteMany:读写权限、允许被多个Node挂载。
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl get pv No resources found ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$vim pod_volunms-pv.yaml
apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolume metadata: name: pv0003 spec: capacity: storage: 5Gi volumeMode: Filesystem accessModes: - ReadWriteOnce persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle #storageClassName: slow mountOptions: - hard - nfsvers=4.1 nfs: path: /tmp server: vms81.liruilongs.github.io
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$cat /etc/exports /liruilong *(rw,sync,no_root_squash) ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$echo "/tmp *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)" >>/etc/exports ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$cat /etc/exports /liruilong *(rw,sync,no_root_squash) /tmp *(rw,sync,no_root_squash) ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$ ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$exportfs -avr exporting *:/tmp exporting *:/liruilong
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl apply -f pod_volunms-pv.yaml persistentvolume/pv0003 created ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl get pv -o wide NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE VOLUMEMODE pv0003 5Gi RWO Recycle Available 16s Filesystem
PVC的创建
如果某个Pod想申请某种类型的PV,则首先需要定义一个PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC)对象:
PVC是基于命名空间相互隔离的,不同命名空间的PVC相互隔离PVC通过accessModes和storage的约束关系来匹配PV,不需要显示定义,accessModes必须相同,storage必须小于等于。
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl get pvc No resources found in liruilong-volume-create namespace. ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$vim pod_volumes-pvc.yaml
apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim metadata: name: mypvc01 spec: accessModes: - ReadWriteOnce volumeMode: Filesystem resources: requests: storage: 4Gi #storageClassName: slow
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl apply -f pod_volumes-pvc.yaml persistentvolumeclaim/mypvc01 created ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl get pvc -o wide NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE VOLUMEMODE mypvc01 Bound pv0003 5Gi RWO 10s Filesystem ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$
storageClassName 用于控制那个PVC能和PV绑定,只有在storageClassName相同的情况下才去匹配storage和accessModes
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$vim pod_volunms-pv.yaml
pod_volunms-pv.yaml
apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolume metadata: name: pv0003 spec: capacity: storage: 5Gi volumeMode: Filesystem accessModes: - ReadWriteOnce persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle storageClassName: slow mountOptions: - hard - nfsvers=4.1 nfs: path: /tmp server: vms81.liruilongs.github.io
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl apply -f pod_volunms-pv.yaml persistentvolume/pv0003 created ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl get pv -A NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE pv0003 5Gi RWO Recycle Available slow 8s
pod_volumes-pvc.yaml
apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim metadata: name: mypvc01 spec: accessModes: - ReadWriteOnce volumeMode: Filesystem resources: requests: storage: 4Gi storageClassName: slow
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl get pvc -A No resources found ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl apply -f pod_volumes-pvc.yaml persistentvolumeclaim/mypvc01 created ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl get pvc -A NAMESPACE NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE liruilong-volume-create mypvc01 Bound pv0003 5Gi RWO slow 5s
使用持久性存储
在pod里面使用PVC
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: creationTimestamp: null labels: run: podvolumepvc name: podvolumepvc spec: volumes: - name: volumes1 persistentVolumeClaim: claimName: mypvc01 containers: - image: nginx name: podvolumehostpath resources: {} volumeMounts: - mountPath: /liruilong name: volumes1 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst restartPolicy: Always status: {}
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl apply -f pod_volumespvc.yaml pod/podvolumepvc created ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl get pods -owide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES podvolumepvc 1/1 Running 0 15s 10.244.171.184 vms82.liruilongs.github.io
pv回收策略
persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle
会生成一个pod回收数据
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl get pv NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE pv0003 5Gi RWO Recycle Bound liruilong-volume-create/mypvc01 slow 131m ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl describe pv pv0003 .................. Events: Type Reason Age From Message ---- ------ ---- ---- ------- Normal RecyclerPod 53s persistentvolume-controller Recycler pod: Successfully assigned default/recycler-for-pv0003 to vms82.liruilongs.github.io Normal RecyclerPod 51s persistentvolume-controller Recycler pod: Pulling image "busybox:1.27" ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl get pv NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE pv0003 5Gi RWO Recycle Available slow 136m ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$
动态卷供应storageClass
通过storageClass来动态处理PV的创建,管理员只需要创建好storageClass就可以了,用户创建PVC时会自动的创建PV和PVC。当创建 pvc 的时候,系统会通知 storageClass,storageClass 会从它所关联的分配器来获取后端存储类型,然后动态的创建一个 pv 出来和此 pvc 进行关联
定义 storageClass 时必须要包含一个分配器(provisioner),不同的分配器指定了动态创建 pv时使用什么后端存储。
分配器使用 aws 的 ebs 作为 pv 的后端存储
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1 kind: StorageClass metadata: name: slow provisioner: kubernetes.io/aws-ebs parameters: type: io1 iopsPerGB: "10" fsType: ext4
分配器使用 lvm 作为 pv 的后端存储
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1 kind: StorageClass metadata: name: csi-lvm provisioner: lvmplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com parameters: vgName: volumegroup1 fsType: ext4 reclaimPolicy: Delete
使用 hostPath 作为 pv 的后端存储
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1 kind: StorageClass metadata: name: csi-hostpath-sc provisioner: hostpath.csi.k8s.io reclaimPolicy: Delete #volumeBindingMode: Immediate volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer allowVolumeExpansion: true
上面 3 个例子里所使用的分配器中,有一些是 kubernetes 内置的分配器,比如kubernetes.io/aws-ebs,其他两个分配器不是 kubernetes 自带的。kubernetes 自带的分配器:
kubernetes.io/aws-ebs
kubernetes.io/gce-pd
kubernetes.io/glusterfs
kubernetes.io/cinder
kubernetes.io/vsphere-volume
kubernetes.io/rbd
kubernetes.io/quobyte
kubernetes.io/azure-disk
kubernetes.io/azure-file
kubernetes.io/portworx-volume
kubernetes.io/scaleio
kubernetes.io/storageos
kubernetes.io/no-provisioner
在动态创建 pv 的时候,根据使用不同的后端存储,应该选择一个合适的分配器。但是像lvmplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com 和 hostpath.csi.k8s.io 这样的分配器不是 kubernetes 自带的,称之为外部分配器,这些外部分配器由第三方提供,是通过自定义
CSIDriver(容器存储接口驱动)来实现的分配器
。
所以整个流程就是,管理员创建storageClass时会通过provisioner 字段指定分配器。创建好storageClass之后,用户在定义pvc时需要通过.spec.storageClassName指定使用哪个storageClass。
利用 nfs 创建动态卷供应
创建一个目录/vdisk,并共享这个目录。
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$cat /etc/exports /liruilong *(rw,sync,no_root_squash) /tmp *(rw,sync,no_root_squash) ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$echo "/vdisk *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)" >>/etc/exports ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$exportfs -avr exporting *:/vdisk exportfs: Failed to stat /vdisk: No such file or directory exporting *:/tmp exporting *:/liruilong ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[/] └─$mkdir vdisks
因为 kubernetes 里,nfs 没有内置分配器,所以需要下载相关插件来创建 nfs 外部分配器。
插件包-:
https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/external-storage.git
rbac.yaml 部署 rbac 权限。命名空间更换
apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: nfs-client-provisioner # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed namespace: liruilong-volume-create --- kind: ClusterRole apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner rules: - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["persistentvolumes"] verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"] - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"] verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"] - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"] resources: ["storageclasses"] verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"] - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["events"] verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"] --- kind: ClusterRoleBinding apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: run-nfs-client-provisioner subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: nfs-client-provisioner # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed namespace: liruilong-volume-create roleRef: kind: ClusterRole name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io --- kind: Role apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed namespace: liruilong-volume-create rules: - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["endpoints"] verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"] --- kind: RoleBinding apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed namespace: liruilong-volume-create subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: nfs-client-provisioner # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed namespace: liruilong-volume-create roleRef: kind: Role name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
因为 nfs 分配器不是自带的,所以这里需要先把 nfs 分配器创建出来。
配置文件参数设置,1.20之后的版本都需要:- --feature-gates=RemoveSelfLink=false
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/kubernetes/manifests] └─$pwd /etc/kubernetes/manifests ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/kubernetes/manifests] └─$head -n 20 kube-apiserver.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: annotations: kubeadm.kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver.advertise-address.endpoint: 192.168.26.81:6443 creationTimestamp: null labels: component: kube-apiserver tier: control-plane name: kube-apiserver namespace: kube-system spec: containers: - command: - kube-apiserver - --advertise-address=192.168.26.81 - --feature-gates=RemoveSelfLink=false - --allow-privileged=true - --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC - --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/kubernetes/manifests] └─$
deployment.yaml
因为当前是在命名空间 liruilong-volume-create里的,所以要把 namespace 的值改为 liruilong-volume-create
image 后面的镜像需要提前在所有节点上 pull下来,并修改镜像下载策略
env字段里,PROVISIONER_NAME用于指定分配器的名字,这里是 fuseim.pri/ifs,NFS_SERVER 和 NFS_PATH分别指定这个分配器所使用的存储信息。
在 volumes 里的 server 和 path 里指定共享服务器和目录
apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nfs-client-provisioner labels: app: nfs-client-provisioner # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed namespace: liruilong-volume-create spec: replicas: 1 strategy: type: Recreate selector: matchLabels: app: nfs-client-provisioner template: metadata: labels: app: nfs-client-provisioner spec: serviceAccountName: nfs-client-provisioner containers: - name: nfs-client-provisioner image: quay.io/external_storage/nfs-client-provisioner:latest imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent volumeMounts: - name: nfs-client-root mountPath: /persistentvolumes env: - name: PROVISIONER_NAME value: fuseim.pri/ifs - name: NFS_SERVER value: 192.168.26.81 - name: NFS_PATH value: /vdisk volumes: - name: nfs-client-root nfs: server: 192.168.26.81 path: /vdisk
部署 nfs 分配器,查看 pod 的运行情况
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create/nfsdy] └─$kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml deployment.apps/nfs-client-provisioner created ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create/nfsdy] └─$kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nfs-client-provisioner-65b5569d76-cz6hh 1/1 Running 0 73s ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create/nfsdy] └─$
创建了 nfs 分配器之后,下面开始创建一个使用这个分配器的 storageClass。
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create/nfsdy] └─$kubectl get sc No resources found ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create/nfsdy] └─$kubectl apply -f class.yaml storageclass.storage.k8s.io/managed-nfs-storage created ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create/nfsdy] └─$kubectl get sc NAME PROVISIONER RECLAIMPOLICY VOLUMEBINDINGMODE ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION AGE managed-nfs-storage fuseim.pri/ifs Delete Immediate false 3s
class.yaml
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1 kind: StorageClass metadata: name: managed-nfs-storage provisioner: fuseim.pri/ifs # or choose another name, must match deployment's env PROVISIONER_NAME' parameters: archiveOnDelete: "false"
这里 provisioner 的值 fuseim.pri/ifs 是由 deployment.yaml文件里指定的分配器的名字,这
个 yaml 文件的意思是创建一个名字是managed-nfs-storage的 storageClass,使用名字为fuseim.pri/ifs的分配器。
下面开始创建 pvc
pvc_nfs.yaml
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: pvc-nfs spec: accessModes: - ReadWriteMany resources: requests: storage: 20Mi storageClassName: "managed-nfs-storage"
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl apply -f ./pvc_nfs.yaml persistentvolumeclaim/pvc-nfs created
查看创建信息
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nfs-client-provisioner-65b5569d76-7k6gm 1/1 Running 0 35s ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl get sc NAME PROVISIONER RECLAIMPOLICY VOLUMEBINDINGMODE ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION AGE managed-nfs-storage fuseim.pri/ifs Delete Immediate false 30s ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl get pvc NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE pvc-nfs Bound pvc-b12e988a-8b55-4d48-87cf-998500df16f8 20Mi RWX managed-nfs-storage 28s ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create/nfsdy] └─$kubectl get pv NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE pvc-b12e988a-8b55-4d48-87cf-998500df16f8 20Mi RWX Delete Bound liruilong-volume-create/pvc-nfs managed-nfs-storage 126m ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create/nfsdy] └─$
使用声明的PVC
pod_storageclass.yaml
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: creationTimestamp: null labels: run: podvolumepvc name: podvolumepvc spec: volumes: - name: volumes1 persistentVolumeClaim: claimName: pvc-nfs containers: - image: nginx name: podvolumehostpath resources: {} volumeMounts: - mountPath: /liruilong name: volumes1 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst restartPolicy: Always status: {}
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl apply -f pod_storageclass.yaml pod/podvolumepvc created ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nfs-client-provisioner-65b5569d76-7k6gm 1/1 Running 0 140m podvolumepvc 1/1 Running 0 7s ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-volume-create] └─$kubectl describe pods podvolumepvc | grep -A 4 Volumes: Volumes: volumes1: Type: PersistentVolumeClaim (a reference to a PersistentVolumeClaim in the same namespace) ClaimName: pvc-nfs ReadOnly: false
其他的数据卷类型
gcePersistentDisk
使用这种类型的Volume表示使用谷歌公有云提供的永久磁盘(PersistentDisk, PD)存放Volume的数据,它与emptyDir不同, PD上的内容会被永久存,当Pod被删除时, PD只是被卸载(Unmount),但不会被删除。需要注意是,你需要先创建一个永久磁盘(PD),才能使用gcePersistentDisk.
awsElasticBlockStore
与GCE类似,该类型的Volume使用亚马逊公有云提供的EBS Volume存储数据,需要先创建一个EBS Volume才能使用awsElasticBlockStore.
Kubernetes
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