服务器系统搭建的重要性与挑战,如何实现高效与安全的管理?
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2022-05-28
Oracle RAC的备份,其实和单节点备份区别不大,只需要注意RAC的特性,在编写备份脚本时,注意RAC各个节点的Archive log存储方式、RAC数据盘使用的磁盘方式等。
本次备份策略,依然采用比较传统的每周日进行一次全量备份,其它时间进行增量备份策略:
另,备份保留策略设置REDUNDANCY 为 1,即保留一份有效备份即可。
1. 准备备份空间
通过NFS方式,在两个RAC节点,挂载NFS共享磁盘,做为数据备份存储:
# NFS服务搭建过程,请参考其它nfs文档,此处不再赘述;
# 为方便开机自动挂载,将NFS共享盘,添加到开机自动挂载:
# vi /etc/fstab
192.168.10.153:/dbbackup /dbbackup nfs defaults 0 0
# mount -a
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_template-lv_root
110G 32G 74G 30% /
tmpfs 16G 207M 16G 2% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 76M 376M 17% /boot
192.168.10.153:/dbbackup
500G 33M 500G 1% /dbbackup
2. 准备备份脚本
$ more /dbbackup/scripts/zydb/full_zydb.sh
echo -e '******Start********_'$(date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S')
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
rman target / log=/dbbackup/logs/zydb/full_zydb/full_zydb_`date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S`.log < run{ allocate channel c1 type disk; allocate channel c2 type disk; backup as compressed backupset incremental level 0 tag 'zydb_incr_level_0' format '/dbbackup/zydb/full_%d_%T_%s' database include current controlfile; backup as compressed backupset archivelog all format '/dbbackup/zydb/arclog_0_%s_%p_%t_%d' delete input; crosscheck backup; delete noprompt expired backup; delete noprompt obsolete; crosscheck archivelog all; delete noprompt expired archivelog all; release channel c1; release channel c2; } exit; EOF $ more /dbbackup/scripts/zydb/incr_zydb.sh echo -e '******Start********_'$(date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S') source /home/oracle/.bash_profile rman target / log=/dbbackup/logs/zydb/incr_zydb/incr_zydb_`date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S`.log < run{ allocate channel c1 type disk; allocate channel c2 type disk; backup as compressed backupset incremental level 1 tag 'zydb_incr_level_1' format '/dbbackup/zydb/incr_%d_%T_%s' database include current controlfile; backup as compressed backupset archivelog all format '/dbbackup/zydb/arclog_1_%s_%p_%t_%d' delete input; crosscheck backup; delete noprompt expired backup; delete noprompt obsolete; crosscheck archivelog all; delete noprompt expired archivelog all; release channel c1; release channel c2; } exit; EOF 注意: 此备份脚本其实和单节点脚本无差别,是因为当前RAC的归档文件,是存在ASM空间内的;如果离线归档没有存放在共享空间,则以上脚本不可行,需要修改为能同时访问RAC所有节点; 备份加入compressed进行压缩存储,节省备份存储空间(备份效率会有损耗); 备份脚本准备完成后,建议手动执行一次,确认脚本执行状态正常。 3. 开启块跟踪 Block Change Tracking 块变更跟踪功能,是指有数据块发生改变时,就会将其记录在跟踪文件中,记录从上一次0级备份以来数据块的变化。当RMAN进行增量备份时,就不用完全遍历整个数据文件,查找需要备份的数据块,从而提高了备份的效率。 SQL> set linesize 500 SQL> col FILENAME format a50 SQL> select * from v$block_change_tracking; STATUS FILENAME BYTES ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------- DISABLED SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file '+DATA'; -- 查看开启后的状态: SQL> set linesize 500 SQL> col FILENAME format a50 SQL> select * from v$block_change_tracking; STATUS FILENAME BYTES ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------- ENABLED +DATA/zydb/changetracking/ctf.284.1065039345 11599872 4. 配置备份自动执行 目前自动执行有如下方案: 通过操作系统的定时任务,例如Linux的Crontab服务; 通过Oracle自带的DBMS_SCHEDULE来执行; 本次备份的数据库有两个RAC节点,通过Linux的crontab备份,会产生节点间备份任务协调等问题,因此直接采用Oracle的DBMS_SCHEDULE来执行备份任务; 全量备份任务,指定每周日凌晨1点执行; 在BYDAY参数指定周日(BYDAY=SUN),执行时间指定 1 点(BYHOUR=1): begin dbms_scheduler.create_job ( job_name => 'ZYDB_BAK_LEVEL_0', job_type => 'EXECUTABLE', job_action => '/dbbackup/scripts/zydb/full_zydb.sh', repeat_interval => 'FREQ=WEEKLY; BYDAY=SUN; BYHOUR=1', enabled => true, comments => 'ZYDB Backup JOB LEVEL_0' ); end; / 增量备份任务,指定每周从周一到周六,每天凌晨1点执行; 在BYDAY参数指定周一至周六(BYDAY=MON,TUE,WED,THU,FRI,SAT): begin dbms_scheduler.create_job ( job_name => 'ZYDB_BAK_LEVEL_1', job_type => 'EXECUTABLE', job_action => '/dbbackup/scripts/zydb/incr_zydb.sh', repeat_interval => 'FREQ=WEEKLY; BYDAY=MON,TUE,WED,THU,FRI,SAT; BYHOUR=1', enabled => true, comments => 'ZYDB Backup JOB LEVEL_1' ); end; / SQL> set linesize 500; SQL> col NEXT_RUN_DATE format a50 SQL> col OBJECT_NAME format a30 -- 查看scheduler,以及下次执行时间 SQL> select obj#, object_name, next_run_date from sys.scheduler$_job ssj, dba_objects dob where ssj.obj# = dob.object_id and object_name like 'ZYDB_BAK%'; OBJ# OBJECT_NAME NEXT_RUN_DATE ---------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- 93354 ZYDB_BAK_LEVEL_0 28-FEB-21 01.38.25.900000 AM PRC 93355 ZYDB_BAK_LEVEL_1 23-FEB-21 01.38.55.400000 AM PRC -- 查看已创建的JOB SQL> select job_name, job_type, enabled, state from user_scheduler_jobs where job_name like 'ZYDB_BAK%'; JOB_NAME JOB_TYPE ENABL STATE ------------------------------ ---------------- ----- --------------- ZYDB_BAK_LEVEL_0 EXECUTABLE TRUE SCHEDULED ZYDB_BAK_LEVEL_1 EXECUTABLE TRUE SCHEDULED -- 查看JOB运行日志 SQL> select log_id, log_date, status from user_scheduler_job_run_details where job_name like 'ZYDB_BAK%'; no rows selected 至此,备份任务配置完成! Oracle 数据库
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