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2022-05-28
KVM/QEMU在线备份(1)
文章目录
Incremental backup
简介
设备环境
qemu 实时备份
备份命令
备份任务管理
bitmap 命令
远程备份
创建存储结构
创建iscsi目标
保存退出
其他
查看block信息
qemu4.2.0
编译
qemu-monitor使用
libvirt4.5
gmp
nettle-3.4
libgnutls-3.5.18
libvirt4.5
错误处理
日志模块
日志模块
virt-manager创建虚拟机
Incremental backup
简介
最近接到一个调研任务，kvm 虚拟机增量盘的实时备份。主要参考资料来源。[QEMU/KVM磁盘在线备份]
主要思路：同步方式（sync）的四种模式。full,top,none,incremental四种方式的。
none 实时I/O备份，该方式主要为将实时的I/O变化备份，不足，将所有的I/O备份，浪费大量的内存空间，且只备份了I/O的数据，其他数据没有备份，该方案被放弃。
incremental 增量备份。但是无法实现实时备份。
后来又想到另一种方式：在创建的虚拟机的时候，将增量盘挂载到服务器，实现远程备份。这种方法的缺点，对网络要求较高，性能，稳定性较高，一旦网络波动，虚拟机将奔溃。
Rsync的远程实时备份，暂时想到的一个思路，以后研究。rsync有多种远程上传方式。做个（标记）。
设备环境
客户端： Ubuntu18.04 服务端： Ubuntu20.04
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qemu 实时备份
备份命令
none : real-time backup
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN '{ "execute" : "drive-backup" , "arguments" : { "device" : "drive-ide0-0-0" , "sync" : "none" , "target" : "/opt/backup/none.img" } }'
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bitmap : increment backup
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN '{ "execute" : "drive-backup" , "arguments" : { "device" : "drive-virtio-disk0" , "sync" : "incremental" , "bitmap" : "bitmap0" , "target" : "/opt/backup/inc.0.qcow2" } }'
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备份任务管理
查看备份任务
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --pretty '{ "execute": "query-block-jobs" }'
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virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --hmp 'info block-jobs'
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暂停备份任务
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN '{ "execute": "block-job-cancel", "arguments": { "device": "drive-ide0-0-0", "force": true } }'
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重置备份任务
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN '{ "execute" : "block-job-pause", "arguments" : { "device" : "drive-virtio-disk0" } }'
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停止备份任务
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN '{ "execute": "block-job-cancel", "arguments": { "device": "drive-virtio-disk0", "force": true } }'
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bitmap 命令
创建bitmap
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { "execute": "block-dirty-bitmap-add", "arguments": {"node": "drive0","name": "bitmap0" }}
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删除bitmap
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { "execute": "block-dirty-bitmap-remove", "arguments": {"node": "drive0","name": "bitmap0"}}
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重置 bitmap node
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { "execute": "block-dirty-bitmap-clear", "arguments": {"node": "drive0","name": "bitmap0"}}
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远程备份
命令
iscsi://[
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iscsi://192.168.1.100:3260/iqn.2019-01.com.iaas/0
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样例
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN '{ "execute" : "drive-backup" , "arguments" : { "device" : "drive-ide0-0-0" , "sync" : "incremental", "target" : "iscsi://192.168.1.100:3260/iqn.2019-01.com.iaas/0" } }'
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参考资料：
iscsi服务端搭建
iscsi客户端搭建
客户端搭建
安装
apt install open-iscsi
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设置服务开机启动
systemctl enable iscsi.service systemctl enable iscsid.service systemctl start iscsi.service systemctl start iscsid.service
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iscsi-name
cat /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi
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设置名称：
vim /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi InitiatorName=name systemctl restart iscsi.service
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查找target
iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 172.26.106.103:3260
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登陆target
iscsiadm -m node --targetname iqn.2020-06.wuqiang.iscis -p 172.26.106.103:3260 --login
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设置全局单向认证
discovery.sendtargets.auth.authmethod = CHAP discovery.sendtargets.auth.username = troila discovery.sendtargets.auth.password = 123456
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重启服务
/etc/init.d/iscsid force-reload #强制重载 /etc/init.d/iscsid stop #停止服务 /etc/init.d/iscsid start #启动服务 service iscsi restart #重启服务 service iscsid restart #重启服务 service open-iscsi status #查看状态
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服务端搭建
安装
apt install targetcli-fb
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进入配置页面
targetcli
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相关命令行
- bookmarks action [bookmark] - cd [path] - clearconfig [confirm] - exit - get [group] [parameter...] - help [topic] - ls [path] [depth] - pwd - refresh - restoreconfig [savefile] [clear_existing] [target] [storage_object] - saveconfig [savefile] - sessions [action] [sid] - set [group] [parameter=value...] - status - version
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创建物理磁盘存储
cd backstores/block create lun1 /dev/loop10
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创建文件存储
cd /backstores/fileio/ create lun1 /opt/fileio.img
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创建内存存储
cd ../ramdisk create rd0 10MB
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查看创建好的存储资源
/backstores> ls o- backstores ........................................................................................................... [...] o- block .............................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 1] | o- lun1 ...................................................................... [/dev/loop10 (50.0GiB) write-thru activated] | o- alua ................................................................................................. [ALUA Groups: 1] | o- default_tg_pt_gp .................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized] o- fileio .............................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 1] | o- lun1 ................................................................... [fileio.img (20.0GiB) write-back deactivated] | o- alua ................................................................................................. [ALUA Groups: 1] | o- default_tg_pt_gp .................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized] o- pscsi ................................................................................................ [Storage Objects: 0] o- ramdisk .............................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
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cd /iscsi/ create #自动创建用户 create iqn.2020-06.iscsi:sn.20200623 #创建指定用户
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关联后端存储
cd iqn.2020-06.iscsi:sn.20200623/tpg1/luns/ create /backstores/block/lun1 #为后端存储路径
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配置ACL（访问控制列表）
cd ../acls create iqn.2020-06.wuqiang.iscis #客户端用户名
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配置CHAP认证-全局单向认证
cd /iscsi/ get discovery_auth #查看配置信息 set discovery_auth enable=1 set discovery_auth userid=troila set discovery_auth password=123456 get discovery_auth enable userid password #查看是否与设置的相同
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exit
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创建硬盘
dd if=/dev/vda5 of=/opt/block.img bs=1G count=50 #创建 sudo losetup /dev/loop10 /opt/block.img #挂载为设备 /dev/loop10 fdisk /dev/loop10 #创建逻辑分区 mkfs -t ext4 /dev/loop10 #格式化
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创建文件
dd if=/dev/vda5 of=/opt/file.img bs=1G count=20 #创建 mkfs -t ext4 /opt/file.img #格式化
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查看block信息
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --hmp info block
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drive-ide0-0-0 (#block971): /opt/qcow2/wuqiang-151-extra.qcow2 (backup-top) Attached to: ide0-0-0 Cache mode: writeback Backing file: /opt/qcow2/wuqiang-151-extra.qcow2 (chain depth: 2)
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drive-ide0-0-0 为 块信息名称
qemu4.2.0
编译
卸载之前安装的qemu
apt remove qemu*
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源码路径：
https://download.qemu.org/
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ubuntu编译
wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-4.2.0.tar.xz tar xvf qemu-4.2.0.tar.xz cd qemu-4.2.0 ./configure --prefix=/usr --target-list=x86_64-softmmu --enable-guest-agent --enable-libusb --enable-spice --enable-libiscsi make && make install
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检测：
virsh version
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输出为如下所示：Running hypervisor: QEMU 4.2.0 则，安装成功
Compiled against library: libvirt 4.0.0 Using library: libvirt 4.0.0 Using API: QEMU 4.0.0 Running hypervisor: QEMU 4.2.0
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注意：
./configure 配置完成之后，输出配置列表注意查看：agent,libiscsi,libusb,kvm,spice是否显示yes。
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qemu-monitor使用
进入monitor
qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -m 512 -smp 2 -hda vm-img-path -boot c -vnc :1 -monitor stdio
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dirve_backup介绍
help drive_backup
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drive_backup [-n] [-f] [-c] device target [format] -- initiates a point-in-time copy for a device. The device's contents are copied to the new image file, excluding data that is written after the command is started. The -n flag requests QEMU to reuse the image found in new-image-file, instead of recreating it from scratch. The -f flag requests QEMU to copy the whole disk, so that the result does not need a backing file. The -c flag requests QEMU to compress backup data (if the target format supports it).
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样例：
drive_backup -f ide0-hd0 /opt/qcow2/151_backup.qcow2 qcow2
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查看备份任务：
info block-jobs
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查看device:
info block
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任务取消:
block_job_cancel [-f] device -- stop an active background block operation (use -f if you want to abort the operation immediately instead of keep running until data is in sync)
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block_job_cancel ide0-hd0
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libvirt4.5
gmp
wget https://gmplib.org/download/gmp/gmp-6.0.0.tar.xz tar xvf gmp-6.0.0.tar.xz cd gmp-6.0.0/ ./configure && make && make install
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nettle-3.4
wget ftp.gnu.org/gnu/nettle/nettle-3.4.tar.gz tar xvf nettle-3.4.tar.gz cd nettle-3.4 && mkdir build && cd build/ ../configure --prefix=/usr --disable-openssl --enable-shared --enable-mini-gmp make && make install
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libgnutls-3.5.18
wget https://ftp.gnutls.org/gcrypt/gnutls/v3.5/gnutls-3.5.18.tar.xz tar xvf gnutls-3.5.18.tar.xz cd gnutls-3.5.18 ./configure --enable-shared --with-included-libtasn1 --with-included-unistring --without-p11-kit && make && make install
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libvirt4.5
wdget https://libvirt.org/sources/libvirt-4.5.0.tar.xz tar xvf libvirt-4.5.0.tar.xz cd libvirt-4.5.0 ./autogen.sh ./configure --prefix=/usr --without-apparmor-profiles --with--storage-iscsi --with-bash-completion --with-readline --with-remote make && make install
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依赖库下载
apt install libgmp-dev apt install nettle-dev apt install libnl-3-dev apt install libnl-route-3-dev apt install libxml2-dev apt install libyajl-dev apt install xsltproc apt install libdevmapper-dev apt install libpciaccess-dev apt install uuid-dev apt install libreadline-dev apt install bash-completion
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错误处理
1.错误一
virsh: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_4.4.0' not found (required by virsh) virsh: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_4.5.0' not found (required by virsh) virsh: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_PRIVATE_4.5.0' not found (required by virsh)
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cd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ rm -rf libvirt.so.0*
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2.错误二
virsh: /usr/lib/libvirt.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_PRIVATE_4.0.0' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt-lxc.so.0) virsh: /usr/lib/libvirt.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_PRIVATE_4.0.0' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt-qemu.so.0)
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解决方案：
rm -rf libvirt-lxc.so.0* rm -rf libvirt-qemu.so.0*
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日志模块
vim /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf log_level = 3 #设置日志级别 log_outputs="3:file:/var/log/libvirt/libvirtd.log" #日志输出文件 /etc/init.d/libvirtd restart #重启服务
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相关错误：
.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_PRIVATE_4.0.0' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt-lxc.so.0) virsh: /usr/lib/libvirt.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_PRIVATE_4.0.0' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt-qemu.so.0)
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解决方案：
rm -rf libvirt-lxc.so.0* rm -rf libvirt-qemu.so.0*
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日志模块
vim /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf log_level = 3 #设置日志级别 log_outputs="3:file:/var/log/libvirt/libvirtd.log" #日志输出文件 /etc/init.d/libvirtd restart #重启服务
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virt-manager创建虚拟机
相关错误：USB redirection is not supported by this version of QEMU 解决方案：移除USB redirection1，USB redirection2
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KVM 虚拟化
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