人工智能操作系统的相关说明（机器人控制系统需使用实时操作系统）
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2022-05-30
RedHat6 使用CentOS yum源
简单介绍下什么是yum：
Yum（全称为 Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一个在Fedora和RedHat以及CentOS中的Shell前端软件包管理器。基于RPM包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包，无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。
redhat 系统中，yum是要授权才能使用的，但幸运地，我们可以将RedHat6使用CentOS的yum源，具体操作如下：
本文以redhat6.9为例
login as: root
root@1.3.1.21's password:
Last login: Tue Jan 15 15:49:17 2019 from 10.30.6.6 登录操作系统
[root@hrapp2 ~]# rpm -qa |grep yum 查看已安装的yum
yum-3.2.29-81.el6.centos.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-41.el6.noarch
[root@hrapp2 ~]# rpm -qa|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps 删除已安装的redhat yum
[root@hrapp2 ~]# rpm -qa |grep yum 查看删除成功
[root@hrapp2 ~]# wget -c http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.2.29-81.el6.centos.noarch.rpm 下载centos yum软件及工具（共4个）
--2019-01-17 14:49:27-- http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.2.29-81.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
正在解析主机 mirrors.163.com... 59.111.0.251
正在连接 mirrors.163.com|59.111.0.251|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable
文件已下载完成；不会进行任何操作。
[root@hrapp2 ~]# wget -c http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-41.el6.noarch.rpm
--2019-01-17 14:49:50-- http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-41.el6.noarch.rpm
正在解析主机 mirrors.163.com... 59.111.0.251
正在连接 mirrors.163.com|59.111.0.251|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable
文件已下载完成；不会进行任何操作。
[root@hrapp2 ~]# wget -c http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
--2019-01-17 14:50:00-- http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
正在解析主机 mirrors.163.com... 59.111.0.251
正在连接 mirrors.163.com|59.111.0.251|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable
文件已下载完成；不会进行任何操作。
[root@hrapp2 ~]# wget -c http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
--2019-01-17 14:50:08-- http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
正在解析主机 mirrors.163.com... 59.111.0.251
正在连接 mirrors.163.com|59.111.0.251|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable
文件已下载完成；不会进行任何操作。
[root@hrapp2 ~]# ls 查看已经下载好的文件
anaconda-ks.cfg 模板
install.log 视频
install.log.syslog 图片
python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm 文档
yum-3.2.29-81.el6.centos.noarch.rpm 下载
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm 音乐
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-41.el6.noarch.rpm 桌面
公共的
[root@hrapp2 ~]# rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm 安装下载好的四个软件
warning: python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
package python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch is already installed
[root@hrapp2 ~]# rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:yum-metadata-parser ########################################### [100%]
[root@hrapp2 ~]# rpm -ivh yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-41.el6.noarch.rpm yum-3.2.29-81.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
warning: yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-41.el6.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:yum ########################################### [ 50%]
2:yum-plugin-fastestmirro########################################### [100%]
[root@hrapp2 ~]# rpm -qa |grep yum 查看centos yum软件已经安装好了
yum-3.2.29-81.el6.centos.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-41.el6.noarch
[root@hrapp2 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@hrapp2 yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak.lyj.201902 新建备份文件夹
[root@hrapp2 yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo bak.lyj.201902 将yum源备份至文件夹
[root@hrapp2 yum.repos.d]# ls
bak.lyj.201902
[root@hrapp2 yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo 下载centos6的yum源文件
--2019-01-17 15:09:13-- http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
正在解析主机 mirrors.163.com... 59.111.0.251
正在连接 mirrors.163.com|59.111.0.251|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：2006 (2.0K) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: “CentOS6-Base-163.repo”
100%[=======================================================>] 2,006 --.-K/s in 0s
2019-01-17 15:09:13 (214 MB/s) - 已保存 “CentOS6-Base-163.repo” [2006/2006])
[root@hrapp2 yum.repos.d]# ls 查看yum源文件已经下载好了
bak.lyj.201902 CentOS6-Base-163.repo
[root@hrapp2 yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS7-Base-163.repo 编辑yum源文件
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
把文件里面的$releasever全部替换为版本号，即6 ，最后保存。
更改后的文件如下：
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/contrib/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
"CentOS6-Base-163.repo" 52L, 1906C
保存
[root@hrapp2 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all 清除原有缓存
已加载插件：fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
清理一切
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@hrapp2 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache 将服务器上的软件包信息缓存到本地,以提高搜索安装软件的速度
已加载插件：fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Determining fastest mirrors
base | 3.7 kB 00:00
base/group_gz | 242 kB 00:00
base/filelists_db | 6.4 MB 00:01
base/primary_db | 4.7 MB 00:01
base/other_db | 2.8 MB 00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
extras/filelists_db | 24 kB 00:00
extras/prestodelta | 1.1 kB 00:00
extras/primary_db | 27 kB 00:00
extras/other_db | 28 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates/filelists_db | 2.0 MB 00:00
updates/prestodelta | 104 kB 00:00
updates/primary_db | 3.0 MB 00:00
updates/other_db | 42 MB 00:14
元数据缓存已建立
如图已经可以是用centos yum源了
yum CentOS
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