关于Kubernetes中使用Helm部署应用及私有Heml源搭建的一些笔记

写在前面

学习K8s涉及，整理笔记记忆

博文偏实战，内容涉及：

helm的基本概念及安装，Helm源配置

chart包的安装部署

私有Helm源的搭建及chart包的push和pull

“不爱也不恨”包含了全部世俗智慧的一半；“不要说话也不要相信”则包含了另一半的人生智慧。——叔本华《人生的智慧》

Heml

Helm是一个由CNCF孵化和管理的项目,用于对需要在Kubernetes上部署的复杂应用进行定义、安装和更新。Helm以Chart的方式对应用软件进行描述,可以方便地创建、版本化、共享和发布复杂的应用软件。

helm的作用就是把许多的资源定义 比如svc，deployment，一次性通过全部定义好，放在源里统一管理，这样很容易在其他机器上部署，个人理解这个类似于自动化运维中ansible中的角色概念，前端项目中的npm包管理工具,后端项目中的maven等构建工具一样，类比Ansible使用角色来整合playbook.yaml达到复用性。同样的，使用helm用于整合k8s中的资源对象yaml文件，实现复用性,同时讲资源文件的参数，和参数值通过temple和value进行了分离

Heml主要概念

Chart:一个Helm包,其中包含运行一个应用所需要的工具和资源定义,还可能包含Kubernetes集群中的服务定义,类似Ansible中的rhel-system-roles软件包

Release: 在Kubernetes集群上运行的一个Chart实例。在同一个集群上,一个Chart可以被安装多次。

Repository:用于存放和共享Chart仓库。简单来说, Helm整个系统的主要任务就是,在仓库中查找需要的Chart,然后将Chart以Release的形式安装到Kubernetes集群中。

使用helm我们首先需要安装，可以通过Github下载安装包

Heml 安装

安装包下载:https://github.com/helm/helm/releases:

解压安装

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$tar zxf helm-v3.2.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$cd linux-amd64/ ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/linux-amd64] └─$ls helm LICENSE README.md

之后直接将helm复制到/usr/local/bin/，配置完之后，即可以使用helm命令

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/linux-amd64] └─$cp helm /usr/local/bin/ ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/linux-amd64] └─$ls /usr/local/bin/ helm

配置命令自动补全，通过写入/etc/profile 文件 souece < (helm completion bash)的方式配置命令自动补全。配置完记得使用source /etc/profile去刷新配置

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$helm --help | grep bash completion generate autocompletions script for the specified shell (bash or zsh) ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$vim /etc/profile ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$source /etc/profile ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$cat /etc/profile | grep -v ^# | grep source source <(kubectl completion bash) source <(helm completion bash) ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$

验证安装,查看Heml版本

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$helm version version.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.2.1", GitCommit:"fe51cd1e31e6a202cba7dead9552a6d418ded79a", GitTreeState:"clean", GoVersion:"go1.13.10"} ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$

配置helm源

使用helm需要配置yaml源,常见的有阿里。微软，和Githup上的源

阿里云的源 https://apphub.aliyuncs.com

微软azure的源 http://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts/

查看所以的源

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$helm repo list #查看所以的源 Error: no repositories to show

添加指定是源

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$helm repo add azure http://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts/ "azure" has been added to your repositories ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$helm repo add ali https://apphub.aliyuncs.com "ali" has been added to your repositories

查看刚才添加的yum源

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$helm repo list NAME URL azure http://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts/ ali https://apphub.aliyuncs.com ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$

Helm的常见用法

Helm的常见用法，包括搜索Chart、安装Chart、自定义Chart配置、更新或回滚Release、删除Release、创建自定义Chart、搭建私有仓库等

helm search：搜索可用的Chart

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$helm search repo mysql NAME CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION ali/mysql 6.8.0 8.0.19 Chart to create a Highly available MySQL cluster ali/mysqldump 2.6.0 2.4.1 A Helm chart to help backup MySQL databases usi... ali/mysqlha 1.0.0 5.7.13 MySQL cluster with a single master and zero or ... ali/prometheus-mysql-exporter 0.5.2 v0.11.0 A Helm chart for prometheus mysql exporter with... azure/mysql 1.6.9 5.7.30 DEPRECATED - Fast, reliable, scalable, and easy... azure/mysqldump 2.6.2 2.4.1 DEPRECATED! - A Helm chart to help backup MySQL... azure/prometheus-mysql-exporter 0.7.1 v0.11.0 DEPRECATED A Helm chart for prometheus mysql 。。。。。。。。。。

chart包拉取

安装chart可以直接使用命令安装，也可以拉取到本地之后安装，也可以直接通过命名行安装

本地的Chart压缩包(helm install mysql-1.6.4.tgz)

一个Chart目录(helm install mysql/)

一个完整的URL(helm install https://example.com/charts/mysql-1.6.4.tgz)

chart包拉取

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$helm pull azure/mysql --version=1.6.4 ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$ls mysql-1.6.4.tgz

helm install：安装Chart

chart包直接安装

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$#helm install db azure/mysql --version=1.6.4 ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$

拉取的chart包详细信息，通过解压之后查看

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$ls mysql-1.6.4.tgz ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$tar zxf mysql-1.6.4.tgz ....... ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$ls mysql mysql-1.6.4.tgz ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$cd mysql/ ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create/mysql] └─$ls Chart.yaml README.md templates values.yaml

对于下载好的yaml文件，我们可以修改后使用helm package重新打包

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$rm -rf mysql-1.6.4.tgz ; helm package mysql/ Successfully packaged chart and saved it to: /root/ansible/k8s-helm-create/mysql-1.6.4.tgz ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$ls mysql mysql-1.6.4.tgz

下面我们修改chart中的对应镜像为已经下载好的mysql和busybox镜像

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$ansible 192.168.26.82 -m shell -a "docker images | grep mysql" 192.168.26.82 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> mysql latest ecac195d15af 2 months ago 516MB mysql 9da615fced53 3 months ago 514MB hub.c.163.com/library/mysql latest 9e64176cd8a2 4 years ago 407MB ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$ansible 192.168.26.82 -m shell -a "docker images | grep busybox" 192.168.26.82 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> busybox latest ffe9d497c324 5 weeks ago 1.24MB busybox 7138284460ff 2 months ago 1.24MB busybox cabb9f684f8b 2 months ago 1.24MB busybox 1.27 6ad733544a63 4 years ago 1.13MB yauritux/busybox-curl latest 69894251bd3c 5 years ago 21.3MB

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$fg vim ./k8s-helm-create/mysql/values.yaml ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$

通过修好的yaml文件创建chart， 使用helm ls查看当前运行的chart

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$helm ls NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION

使用helm install运行Chart

这里我们使用之前的那个mysq chart来安装一个mysql

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$cd mysql/ ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create/mysql] └─$helm install mydb . NAME: mydb LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Jan 13 01:51:42 2022 NAMESPACE: liruilong-network-create STATUS: deployed REVISION: 1 NOTES: MySQL can be accessed via port 3306 on the following DNS name from within your cluster: mydb-mysql.liruilong-network-create.svc.cluster.local To get your root password run: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=$(kubectl get secret --namespace liruilong-network-create mydb-mysql -o jsonpath="{.data.mysql-root-password}" | base64 --decode; echo) To connect to your database: 1. Run an Ubuntu pod that you can use as a client: kubectl run -i --tty ubuntu --image=ubuntu:16.04 --restart=Never -- bash -il 2. Install the mysql client: $ apt-get update && apt-get install mysql-client -y 3. Connect using the mysql cli, then provide your password: $ mysql -h mydb-mysql -p To connect to your database directly from outside the K8s cluster: MYSQL_HOST=127.0.0.1 MYSQL_PORT=3306 # Execute the following command to route the connection: kubectl port-forward svc/mydb-mysql 3306 mysql -h ${MYSQL_HOST} -P${MYSQL_PORT} -u root -p${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}

查看是否是否运行成功mydb的pod和SVC

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create/mysql] └─$kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE mydb-mysql-7f8c5c47bd-82cts 1/1 Running 0 55s pod1 1/1 Running 2 (7d17h ago) 9d pod2 1/1 Running 3 (3d3h ago) 9d

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create/mysql] └─$kubectl get svc NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE mydb-mysql ClusterIP 10.107.17.103 3306/TCP 62s svc1 LoadBalancer 10.106.61.84 192.168.26.240 80:30735/TCP 9d svc2 LoadBalancer 10.111.123.194 192.168.26.241 80:31034/TCP 9d ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create/mysql] └─$

安装一个mysql客户端测试OK

┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$yum install mariadb -y

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create/mysql] └─$mysql -h10.107.17.103 -uroot -ptesting Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 7 Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MySQL [(none)]> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed

删除Release

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create/mysql] └─$helm del mydb release "mydb" uninstalled ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create/mysql] └─$helm ls NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create/mysql] └─$

搭建私有Repository

自建的Chart之后自然需要搭建私有仓库。下面使用Nginx搭建一个简单的Chart私有仓库

仓库搭建

仓库搭建,找一台机器运行一个Nginx服务做仓库，需要注意要对主页数据做映射

┌──[root@vms83.liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$netstat -ntulp | grep 80 ┌──[root@vms83.liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$docker run -dit --name=helmrepo -p 8080:80 -v /data:/usr/share/nginx/html/charts docker.io/nginx 7201e001b02602f087105ca6096b0816acb03db02296c35c098a3dfddcb9c8d0 ┌──[root@vms83.liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$docker ps | grep helmrepo 7201e001b026 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 16 seconds ago Up 15 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp helmrepo

访问测试

┌──[root@vms83.liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$curl 127.0.0.1:8080 。。。。。。。。

chart包上传

打包之前的mysql包，上传helm私有仓库。这里需要本读生成索引文件index.yaml

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$helm package mysql/ Successfully packaged chart and saved it to: /root/ansible/k8s-helm-create/mysql-1.6.4.tgz ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$helm repo index . --url http://192.168.26.83:8080/charts ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$ls index.yaml mysql mysql-1.6.4.tgz ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$cd ..

将索引文件和chart包一同上传到私有仓库

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$ansible 192.168.26.83 -m copy -a "src=./k8s-helm-create/index.yaml dest=/data/" 192.168.26.83 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "checksum": "233a0f3837d46af8a50098f1b29aa524b751cb29", "dest": "/data/index.yaml", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "66953d9558e44ab2f049dc602600ffda", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 843, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1642011407.72-76313-71345316897038/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$ansible 192.168.26.83 -m copy -a "src=./k8s-helm-create/mysql-1.6.4.tgz dest=/data/" 192.168.26.83 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "checksum": "4fddb1c13c71673577570e61f68f926af7255bad", "dest": "/data/mysql-1.6.4.tgz", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "929267de36f9be04e0adfb2f9c9f5812", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 11121, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1642011437.58-76780-127185287864942/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$

仓库索引文件更新

如果添加新的chart包到私有仓库，需要对于索引文件进行更新

helm create 创建一个自定义的chart包

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$helm create liruilonghelm Creating liruilonghelm ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$ls index.yaml liruilonghelm mysql mysql-1.6.4.tgz ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$helm package liruilonghelm/ Successfully packaged chart and saved it to: /root/ansible/k8s-helm-create/liruilonghelm-0.1.0.tgz ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$ls index.yaml liruilonghelm liruilonghelm-0.1.0.tgz mysql mysql-1.6.4.tgz

使用同样的命令跟新索引文件

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$helm repo index . --url http://192.168.26.83:8080/charts ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$cat index.yaml

查看新的索引文件

apiVersion: v1 entries: liruilonghelm: - apiVersion: v2 appVersion: 1.16.0 created: "2022-01-13T02:22:19.442365047+08:00" description: A Helm chart for Kubernetes digest: abb491f061cccc8879659149d96c99cbc261af59d5fcf8855c5e86251fbd53c1 name: liruilonghelm type: application urls: - http://192.168.26.83:8080/charts/liruilonghelm-0.1.0.tgz version: 0.1.0 mysql: - apiVersion: v1 appVersion: 5.7.30 created: "2022-01-13T02:22:19.444985984+08:00" description: Fast, reliable, scalable, and easy to use open-source relational database system. digest: 29153332e509765010c7e5e240a059550d52b01b31b69f25dd27c136dffec40f home: https://www.mysql.com/ icon: https://www.mysql.com/common/logos/logo-mysql-170x115.png keywords: - mysql - database - sql maintainers: - email: o.with@sportradar.com name: olemarkus - email: viglesias@google.com name: viglesiasce name: mysql sources: - https://github.com/kubernetes/charts - https://github.com/docker-library/mysql urls: - http://192.168.26.83:8080/charts/mysql-1.6.4.tgz version: 1.6.4 generated: "2022-01-13T02:22:19.440764685+08:00"

会发现索引文件已经被更新，entries里有两个对象，上传相关的数据

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$ansible 192.168.26.83 -m copy -a "src=./k8s-helm-create/index.yaml dest=/data/" 192.168.26.83 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "checksum": "dbdc550a24159764022ede9428b9f11a09ccf291", "dest": "/data/index.yaml", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "b771d8e50dd49228594f8a566117f8bf", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 1213, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1642012325.1-89511-190591844764611/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$ansible 192.168.26.83 -m copy -a "src=./k8s-helm-create/liruilonghelm-0.1.0.tgz dest=/data/" 192.168.26.83 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "checksum": "f7fe8a0a7585adf23e3e23f8378e3e5a0dc13f92", "dest": "/data/liruilonghelm-0.1.0.tgz", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "04670f9b7e614d3bc6ba3e133bddae59", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 3591, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1642012352.54-89959-104738456182106/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 }

用私有仓库chart部署应用程序

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$helm repo add liruilong_repo http://192.168.26.83:8080/charts "liruilong_repo" has been added to your repositories ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$helm repo list NAME URL azure http://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts/ ali https://apphub.aliyuncs.com liruilong_repo http://192.168.26.83:8080/charts

私有源查找安装的chart

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$helm search repo mysql | grep liruilong liruilong_repo/mysql 1.6.4 5.7.30 Fast, reliable, scalable, and easy to use open-... ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible] └─$helm list NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$helm install liruilongdb liruilong_repo/mysql NAME: liruilongdb LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Jan 13 02:42:41 2022 NAMESPACE: liruilong-network-create STATUS: deployed REVISION: 1 NOTES: MySQL can be accessed via port 3306 on the following DNS name from within your cluster: liruilongdb-mysql.liruilong-network-create.svc.cluster.local To get your root password run: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=$(kubectl get secret --namespace liruilong-network-create liruilongdb-mysql -o jsonpath="{.data.mysql-root-password}" | base64 --decode; echo) To connect to your database: 1. Run an Ubuntu pod that you can use as a client: kubectl run -i --tty ubuntu --image=ubuntu:16.04 --restart=Never -- bash -il 2. Install the mysql client: $ apt-get update && apt-get install mysql-client -y 3. Connect using the mysql cli, then provide your password: $ mysql -h liruilongdb-mysql -p To connect to your database directly from outside the K8s cluster: MYSQL_HOST=127.0.0.1 MYSQL_PORT=3306 # Execute the following command to route the connection: kubectl port-forward svc/liruilongdb-mysql 3306 mysql -h ${MYSQL_HOST} -P${MYSQL_PORT} -u root -p${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}

验证安装，查看chart列表

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$helm list NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION liruilongdb liruilong-network-create 1 2022-01-13 02:42:41.537928447 +0800 CST deployed mysql-1.6.4 5.7.30 ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$

在helm install命令的执行过程中，可以使用helm status命令跟踪 Release的状态：Helm不会等待所有创建过程的完成，这是因为有些Chart的Docker镜像较大，会消耗很长的时间进行下载和创建

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$helm status liruilongdb NAME: liruilongdb LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Jan 13 02:42:41 2022 NAMESPACE: liruilong-network-create STATUS: deployed REVISION: 1 NOTES: MySQL can be accessed via port 3306 on the following DNS name from within your cluster: liruilongdb-mysql.liruilong-network-create.svc.cluster.local To get your root password run: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=$(kubectl get secret --namespace liruilong-network-create liruilongdb-mysql -o jsonpath="{.data.mysql-root-password}" | base64 --decode; echo) To connect to your database: 1. Run an Ubuntu pod that you can use as a client: kubectl run -i --tty ubuntu --image=ubuntu:16.04 --restart=Never -- bash -il 2. Install the mysql client: $ apt-get update && apt-get install mysql-client -y 3. Connect using the mysql cli, then provide your password: $ mysql -h liruilongdb-mysql -p To connect to your database directly from outside the K8s cluster: MYSQL_HOST=127.0.0.1 MYSQL_PORT=3306 # Execute the following command to route the connection: kubectl port-forward svc/liruilongdb-mysql 3306 mysql -h ${MYSQL_HOST} -P${MYSQL_PORT} -u root -p${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}

在成功安装Chart后，系统会在当前命名空间内创建一个ConfigMap用于保存Release对象的数据

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$kubectl get configmaps NAME DATA AGE kube-root-ca.crt 1 12d liruilongdb-mysql-test 1 2d19h

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$kubectl describe configmaps liruilongdb-mysql-test Name: liruilongdb-mysql-test Namespace: liruilong-network-create Labels: app=liruilongdb-mysql app.kubernetes.io/managed-by=Helm chart=mysql-1.6.4 heritage=Helm release=liruilongdb Annotations: meta.helm.sh/release-name: liruilongdb meta.helm.sh/release-namespace: liruilong-network-create Data ==== run.sh: ---- @test "Testing MySQL Connection" { mysql --host=liruilongdb-mysql --port=3306 -u root -ptesting } BinaryData ==== Events: ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$

可以通过 helm delete命令删除运行的Release

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE liruilongdb-mysql-5cbf489f65-6ff4q 1/1 Running 1 (56m ago) 26h ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$helm delete liruilongdb release "liruilongdb" uninstalled ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE liruilongdb-mysql-5cbf489f65-6ff4q 1/1 Terminating 1 (57m ago) 26h ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-helm-create] └─$

关于Helm和小伙伴就分享到这里，其实还有很大，比如chart更新回滚，模板导出等。有遇到的做补充。生活加油

Kubernetes 云原生

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