HarmonyOS实战一原子化服务初尝试(ClockFACardDemo学习)

对于对象关系映射型数据库的学习，小伙伴移步HarmonyOS Developer学习，这个不在多介绍：https://developer.harmonyos.com/cn/docs/documentation/doc-guides/database-orm-guidelines-0000000000030063

我们想看看官方文档里怎么说。创建一个FormAbility，覆写卡片相关回调函数。

onCreateForm(Intent intent)

onUpdateForm(long formId)

onDeleteForm(long formId)

onCastTempForm(long formId)

onEventNotify(Map formEvents)

在onCreateForm(Intent intent)中，当卡片使用方请求获取卡片时，卡片提供方会被拉起并调用onCreateForm(Intent intent)回调，intent中会带有卡片ID，卡片名称，临时卡片标记和卡片外观规格信息，分别通过

AbilitySlice.PARAM_FORM_IDENTITY_KEY、

AbilitySlice.PARAM_FORM_NAME_KEY、

AbilitySlice.PARAM_FORM_TEMORARY_KEY和

AbilitySlice.PARAM_FORM_DIMENSION_KEY按需获取。

提供方可以通过AbilitySlice.PARAM_FORM_CUSTOMIZE_KEY获取卡片使用方设置的自定义数据。

卡片使用方:显示卡片内容的宿主应用，控制卡片在宿主中展示的位置

卡片提供方:提供卡片显示内容的HarmonyOS Service/HarmonyOS Application，控制卡片的显示内容、控件布局以及控件点击事件

public class FormAbility extends Ability { ...... @Override public void onStart(Intent intent) { super.onStart(intent); ...... } @Override protected ProviderFormInfo onCreateForm(Intent intent) { long formId = intent.getLongParam(AbilitySlice.PARAM_FORM_IDENTITY_KEY, 0); String formName = intent.getStringParam(AbilitySlice.PARAM_FORM_NAME_KEY); int specificationId = intent.getIntParam(AbilitySlice.PARAM_FORM_DIMENSION_KEY, 0); boolean tempFlag = intent.getBooleanParam(AbilitySlice.PARAM_FORM_TEMPORARY_KEY, false); // 获取自定义数据 IntentParams intentParams = intent.getParam(AbilitySlice.PARAM_FORM_CUSTOMIZE_KEY); HiLog.info(LABEL_LOG, "onCreateForm: " + formId + " " + formName + " " + specificationId); // 开发者需要根据卡片的名称以及外观规格获取对应的xml布局并构造卡片对象，此处ResourceTable.Layout_form_ability_layout_2_2仅为示例 ProviderFormInfo formInfo = new ProviderFormInfo(ResourceTable.Layout_form_ability_layout_2_2, this); // 获取卡片信息 String formData = getInitFormData(formName, specificationId); ComponentProvider componentProvider = new ComponentProvider(); componentProvider.setText(ResourceTable.Id_title, "formData-" + formData); formInfo.mergeActions(componentProvider); ...... HiLog.info(LABEL_LOG, "onCreateForm finish......."); return formInfo; } @Override protected void onDeleteForm(long formId) { super.onDeleteForm(formId); // 删除卡片实例数据，需要由开发者实现 deleteFormInfo(formId); ...... } @Override // 若卡片支持定时更新/定点更新/卡片使用方主动请求更新功能，则提供方需要覆写该方法以支持数据更新 protected void onUpdateForm(long formId) { super.onUpdateForm(formId); // 更新卡片信息，由开发者实现 ...... } @Override protected void onCastTempForm(long formId) { // 使用方将临时卡片转换为常态卡片触发，提供方需要做相应的处理，将数据持久化。 super.onCastTempForm (formId); ...... } @Override protected void onEventNotify(Map formEvents) { // 使用方发起可见或者不可见通知触发，提供方需要做相应的处理，比如卡片可见时刷新卡片，仅系统应用能收到该回调。 super.onEventNotify(formEvents); ...... } }

了解更多见Java卡片开发指导:https://developer.harmonyos.com/cn/docs/documentation/doc-guides/ability-service-widget-provider-java-0000001104082220

我们看看Demo里怎么写的：覆盖了

onDeleteForm（当卡片被删除时，需要重写onDeleteForm方法，根据卡片id删除卡片实例数据：）和

onCreateForm·(当卡片使用方请求获取卡片时，卡片提供方会被拉起并调用onCreateForm回调函数，完成卡片信息的初始化)

package com.huawei.cookbooks; import com.huawei.cookbooks.database.Form; import com.huawei.cookbooks.database.FormDatabase; import com.huawei.cookbooks.slice.ClockCardSlice; import com.huawei.cookbooks.utils.ComponentProviderUtils; import com.huawei.cookbooks.utils.DatabaseUtils; import ohos.aafwk.ability.Ability; import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice; import ohos.aafwk.ability.ProviderFormInfo; import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent; import ohos.aafwk.content.Operation; import ohos.agp.components.ComponentProvider; import ohos.data.DatabaseHelper; import ohos.data.orm.OrmContext; import ohos.hiviewdfx.HiLog; import ohos.hiviewdfx.HiLogLabel; /** * Card Main Ability 主程序入口，由DevEco Studio生成，开发者需要重写创建、删除卡片等方法。 */ public class MainAbility extends Ability { private static final HiLogLabel LABEL_LOG = new HiLogLabel(0, 0, "com.huawei.cookbooks.MainAbility"); // TODO 卡片一 private static final int DEFAULT_DIMENSION_2X2 = 2; // TODO 卡片二 private static final int DEFAULT_DIMENSION_2X4 = 3; private static final String EMPTY_STRING = ""; private static final int INVALID_FORM_ID = -1; private long formId; // TODO 卡片对象 private ProviderFormInfo formInfo; // TODO 数据库服务对象 private DatabaseHelper helper = new DatabaseHelper(this); // TODO 数据库连接对象 private OrmContext connect; /** * TODO 项目启动方法，启动定时服务 * @param intent */ @Override public void onStart(Intent intent) { super.onStart(intent); // TODO 建立数据库连接 connect = helper.getOrmContext("FormDatabase", "FormDatabase.db", FormDatabase.class); // TODO 启动TimerAbility Intent intentService = new Intent(); Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder() .withDeviceId("") .withBundleName(getBundleName()) .withAbilityName(TimerAbility.class.getName()) .build(); intentService.setOperation(operation); startAbility(intentService); super.setMainRoute(ClockCardSlice.class.getName()); } //当卡片使用方请求获取卡片时，卡片提供方会被拉起并调用onCreateForm回调函数，完成卡片信息的初始化 @Override protected ProviderFormInfo onCreateForm(Intent intent) { if (intent == null) { return new ProviderFormInfo(); } // 获取卡片id formId = INVALID_FORM_ID; if (intent.hasParameter(AbilitySlice.PARAM_FORM_IDENTITY_KEY)) { formId = intent.getLongParam(AbilitySlice.PARAM_FORM_IDENTITY_KEY, INVALID_FORM_ID); } else { return new ProviderFormInfo(); } // 获取卡片名称 String formName = EMPTY_STRING; if (intent.hasParameter(AbilitySlice.PARAM_FORM_NAME_KEY)) { formName = intent.getStringParam(AbilitySlice.PARAM_FORM_NAME_KEY); } // 获取卡片规格 int dimension = DEFAULT_DIMENSION_2X2; if (intent.hasParameter(AbilitySlice.PARAM_FORM_DIMENSION_KEY)) { dimension = intent.getIntParam(AbilitySlice.PARAM_FORM_DIMENSION_KEY, DEFAULT_DIMENSION_2X2); } int layoutId = ResourceTable.Layout_form_image_with_info_date_card_2_2; if (dimension == DEFAULT_DIMENSION_2X4) { layoutId = ResourceTable.Layout_form_image_with_info_date_card_2_4; } formInfo = new ProviderFormInfo(layoutId, this); // 存储卡片信息 Form form = new Form(formId, formName, dimension); ComponentProvider componentProvider = ComponentProviderUtils.getComponentProvider(form, this); formInfo.mergeActions(componentProvider); if (connect == null) { connect = helper.getOrmContext("FormDatabase", "FormDatabase.db", FormDatabase.class); } try { DatabaseUtils.insertForm(form, connect); } catch (Exception e) { DatabaseUtils.deleteFormData(form.getFormId(), connect); } return formInfo; } // todo 当卡片被删除时，需要重写onDeleteForm方法，根据卡片id删除卡片实例数据： @Override protected void onDeleteForm(long formId) { super.onDeleteForm(formId); // 删除数据库中的卡片信息 DatabaseUtils.deleteFormData(formId, connect); } }

卡片数据服务：为了方便处理·时钟卡片刷新的定时任务，我们创建了一个Service Ability，定时去更新卡片信息，在TimerAbility.java中

package com.huawei.cookbooks; import com.huawei.cookbooks.database.Form; import com.huawei.cookbooks.database.FormDatabase; import com.huawei.cookbooks.utils.ComponentProviderUtils; import com.huawei.cookbooks.utils.DatabaseUtils; import ohos.aafwk.ability.Ability; import ohos.aafwk.ability.FormException; import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent; import ohos.agp.components.ComponentProvider; import ohos.data.DatabaseHelper; import ohos.data.orm.OrmContext; import ohos.data.orm.OrmPredicates; import ohos.hiviewdfx.HiLog; import ohos.hiviewdfx.HiLogLabel; import ohos.rpc.IRemoteObject; import java.util.List; import java.util.Timer; import java.util.TimerTask; /** * Time PA 时钟更新Service Ability。 */ public class TimerAbility extends Ability { private static final HiLogLabel LABEL_LOG = new HiLogLabel(3, 0xD001100, "Demo"); private static final long SEND_PERIOD = 1000L; private DatabaseHelper helper = new DatabaseHelper(this); private OrmContext connect; @Override public void onStart(Intent intent) { HiLog.info(LABEL_LOG, "TimerAbility::onStart"); connect = helper.getOrmContext("FormDatabase", "FormDatabase.db", FormDatabase.class); startTimer(); super.onStart(intent); } // 卡片更新定时器，每秒更新一次 private void startTimer() { Timer timer = new Timer(); timer.schedule( new TimerTask() { @Override public void run() { updateForms(); } }, 0, SEND_PERIOD); } private void updateForms() { // 从数据库中获取卡片信息 OrmPredicates ormPredicates = new OrmPredicates(Form.class); List formList = connect.query(ormPredicates); // 更新时分秒 if (formList.size() <= 0) { return; } for (Form form : formList) { // 遍历卡片列表更新卡片 ComponentProvider componentProvider = ComponentProviderUtils.getComponentProvider(form, this); try { Long updateFormId = form.getFormId(); updateForm(updateFormId, componentProvider); } catch (FormException e) { // 删除不存在的卡片 DatabaseUtils.deleteFormData(form.getFormId(), connect); HiLog.error(LABEL_LOG, "onUpdateForm updateForm error"); } } } @Override public void onBackground() { super.onBackground(); HiLog.info(LABEL_LOG, "TimerAbility::onBackground"); } @Override public void onStop() { super.onStop(); HiLog.info(LABEL_LOG, "TimerAbility::onStop"); } }

有关卡片组件的更新，封装了ComponentProviderUtils这个类，在卡片更新时候，通过调用updateForm方法，传入参数formId和componentProvider.

package com.huawei.cookbooks.utils; import com.huawei.cookbooks.ResourceTable; import com.huawei.cookbooks.database.Form; import ohos.agp.components.ComponentProvider; import ohos.agp.utils.Color; import ohos.app.Context; import java.util.Calendar; /** * Component ProviderUtils 提供获取ComponentProvider对象的方法，用于卡片组件的更新。 */ public class ComponentProviderUtils { // 当前星期颜色 private static Color nowWeekColor = new Color(Color.rgb(255, 245, 238)); // 原色星期 private static Color primaryWeekColor = new Color(Color.rgb(192, 192, 192)); private static final int WEEK_DAYS = 7; private static final int STRING_LENGTH = 2; private static final int DIM_VERSION = 3; private static final int SUNDAY = 1; private static final int MONDAY = 2; private static final int TUESDAY = 3; private static final int WEDNESDAY = 4; private static final int THURSDAY = 5; private static final int FRIDAY = 6; private static final int SATURDAY = 7; /** * Obtain the day of the week * * @return week */ public static int getWeekDayId() { Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(); int week = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK); int result = getWeekIdResult(week); return result; } /** * get week component id * * @param week week * @return component id */ private static int getWeekIdResult(int week) { int result = ResourceTable.Id_mon; switch (week) { case SUNDAY: result = ResourceTable.Id_sun; break; case MONDAY: result = ResourceTable.Id_mon; break; case TUESDAY: result = ResourceTable.Id_tue; break; case WEDNESDAY: result = ResourceTable.Id_wed; break; case THURSDAY: result = ResourceTable.Id_thu; break; case FRIDAY: result = ResourceTable.Id_fri; break; case SATURDAY: result = ResourceTable.Id_sat; break; default: result = ResourceTable.Id_sun; break; } return result; } /** * Obtains the ComponentProvider object * * @param form form info * @param context context * @return component provider */ public static ComponentProvider getComponentProvider(Form form, Context context) { int layoutId = ResourceTable.Layout_form_image_with_info_date_card_2_2; if (form.getDimension() == DIM_VERSION) { layoutId = ResourceTable.Layout_form_image_with_info_date_card_2_4; } ComponentProvider componentProvider = new ComponentProvider(layoutId, context); setComponentProviderValue(componentProvider); return componentProvider; } /** * Time converted to string * * @param time time * @return time string */ private static String int2String(int time) { String timeString; if (String.valueOf(time).length() < STRING_LENGTH) { timeString = "0" + time; } else { timeString = time + ""; } return timeString; } /** * Set the value of componentProvider * * @param componentProvider component provider */ private static void setComponentProviderValue(ComponentProvider componentProvider) { Calendar now = Calendar.getInstance(); int hour = now.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY); int min = now.get(Calendar.MINUTE); int second = now.get(Calendar.SECOND); String hourString = int2String(hour); String minString = int2String(min); String secondString = int2String(second); componentProvider.setText(ResourceTable.Id_date, DateUtils.getCurrentDate("yyyy-MM-dd")); componentProvider.setText(ResourceTable.Id_hour, hourString); componentProvider.setText(ResourceTable.Id_min, minString); componentProvider.setText(ResourceTable.Id_sec, secondString); // 获取当前星期 int weekDayId = getWeekDayId(); componentProvider.setTextColor(weekDayId, nowWeekColor); // 将前一天的星期改回原色 int lastWeekId = getLastWeekDayId(); componentProvider.setTextColor(lastWeekId, primaryWeekColor); } /** * obtain previous day of the week * * @return previous day of the week */ public static int getLastWeekDayId() { Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(); int week = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK); int lastWeek; if (week == 1) { lastWeek = WEEK_DAYS; } else { lastWeek = week - 1; } return getWeekIdResult(lastWeek); } }

对于服务卡片我们就先学的这里，学完了Demo，小伙伴是不是蠢蠢欲动呢？自己写一个类似的Demo应该是在可能完成的范围之内的，感兴趣的小伙伴赶快试试吧。之后我准备基于官方的一个Demo(一个音频播放器)，搞一个服务卡片。嗯，时间关系，今天就先搞到这里。

【本文正在参与“有奖征文 | HarmonyOS征文大赛”活动】

开发者 数据库

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